Definition

1. Noun:

   • Civilization: The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced, characterized by complex cultural, political, and technological systems.
   • A specific civilization: A particular society or culture that has reached such an advanced stage, with its own distinct characteristics.

2. Adjective:

   • Civilized: Behaving in a polite, reasonable, and respectful way according to the accepted standards of a developed society.
   • Pertaining to a civilized era: Relating to the period in human history following barbarism, characterized by the use of metalworking and writing (in historical classification).

Usage Examples

• Noun:

  • Văn minh Ai Cập cổ đại rất phát triển. (Ancient Egyptian civilization was very advanced.)
  • Ánh sáng của văn minh đã lan tỏa. (The light of civilization has spread.)

• Adjective:

  • Mọi người cần có lối sống văn minh nơi công cộng. (People need to have a civilized lifestyle in public places.)
  • Đó là một xã hội văn minh và hiện đại. (That is a civilized and modern society.)

Advanced Usage

• "văn minh công nghiệp": industrial civilization.

  • Văn minh công nghiệp mang lại nhiều thay đổi. (Industrial civilization brought many changes.)

• "văn minh vật chất": material civilization.

  • Sự phát triển của văn minh vật chất đôi khi đi kèm với khủng hoảng tinh thần. (The development of material civilization is sometimes accompanied by a spiritual crisis.)

Variants and Related Words

• Văn minh hóa (v): to civilize.

  • Quá trình văn minh hóa diễn ra trong nhiều thế kỷ. (The process of civilization took place over many centuries.)

• Kém văn minh (adj): uncivilized.

  • Hành động xả rác bừa bãi là kém văn minh. (Littering is an uncivilized act.)

Synonyms

• Civilization (n): an advanced state of human society.
• Civilized (adj): polite, well-mannered, cultured.
• Culture (n): the customs, arts, and institutions of a nation (related but not identical).

Related Idioms

• Cửa ngõ của văn minh: the gateway to civilization.

  • Thành phố cảng này từng được coi là cửa ngõ của văn minh. (This port city was once considered the gateway to civilization.)

• Văn minh lịch sự: a phrase emphasizing polite and courteous behavior as a mark of civilization.

  • Ứng xử văn minh lịch sự là nét đẹp trong giao tiếp. (Polite and civilized behavior is a beauty in communication.)

noun

1. civilization